Selected aspects of a cold forging process for hollow balls

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study investigating cold forging process for producing hollow balls with different wall thicknesses. The was performed by FEM numerical modelling, which made it possible to obtain wide spectrum results. For analysis obtained problematic cases (shape defects in forged balls), novel hypotheses interpretation are proposed. model and then verified via experimental testing, selected theoretical compared findings. Finally, discussed (e.g. effect billet dimensions on conditions, thickness hole size), method is presented, design-related solutions ensuring production defect-free